Why does this risk directly concern employers?
As soon as an installation can generate water aerosols, the employer has a regulatory and health responsibility. In France, this risk is governed by several texts, notably within the framework of the Labor Code and the ICPE regulations (Classified Installations for Environmental Protection).
Which installations pose a risk?
- Cooling towers (CRT): particularly sensitive, they fall under the ICPE regime with strict obligations (declaration/registration, microbiological monitoring, maintenance plan).
- Domestic hot water (DHW) networks: stagnation, inadequate temperatures (25–45°C) and biofilm promote proliferation.
- Publicly accessible establishments (ERP): hotels, hospitals, swimming pools, sports facilities… where the risk of exposure is increased.
What are the employer's obligations?
The employer must integrate the risk of Legionella into their overall prevention approach:
- Risk assessment in the DUERP (Single Document for the Assessment of Occupational Risks)
- Implementation of a management plan (temperature monitoring, analyses, cleaning and disinfection)
- Regular maintenance of the installations (desludging, combating scale and corrosion)
- Traceability of actions (health register, monitoring log)
- Training and awareness-raising for staff exposed to or in charge of maintenance
For TARs, specific requirements apply: periodic checks of legionella concentration, regulatory thresholds to be respected, and procedures for stopping or treating in case of exceedance.
What are the implications in case of failure?
Beyond the health impact, the employer may be held civilly and criminally liable in the event of contamination. The consequences can include administrative sanctions, legal proceedings, and damage to the company's reputation.
In summary
Legionella risk is a major public health and occupational safety issue. Controlling it relies on a structured approach combining assessment, technical prevention, and training.
Do you want to train your teams in Legionella risk management or structure your prevention plan? Our specialized training courses support you in regulatory compliance and securing your facilities.
